An entire indus­try has been cre­ated and thrives based solely on the the­o­ries of pos­i­tive psy­chol­ogy: self affir­ma­tions help to moti­vate, we are told, and they may even help those with low self-esteem build their confidence.

Now research is start­ing to show the oppo­site: that self affir­ma­tions (or ‘pos­i­tive self-statements’) have a neg­a­tive effect on those with low self-esteem.

Dr Wood sug­gests that pos­i­tive self-statements cause neg­a­tive moods in peo­ple with low self-esteem because they con­flict with those people’s views of them­selves. When pos­i­tive self-statements strongly con­flict with self-perception, she argues, there is not mere resis­tance but a rein­forc­ing of self-perception. Peo­ple who view them­selves as unlov­able find say­ing that they are so unbe­liev­able that it strength­ens their own neg­a­tive view rather than revers­ing it. Given that many read­ers of self-help books that encour­age pos­i­tive self-statements are likely to suf­fer from low self-esteem, they may be worse than useless.

via Mind Hacks